JLPT N5 Grammar List With Examples

Author: Minna Nihongo Editorial Team · Reviewer: Minna Nihongo Editorial Team · Reviewed: 2026-10-22T03:48:13.320Z

Updated: 2026-10-22

JLPT N5 grammar covers about 30 core patterns: the basic particles, the polite verb forms, adjectives, the te-form and a handful of sentence endings. Official lists vary slightly, so treat the list below as a study guide. Learn each pattern with an example sentence, not as a rule alone.

JLPT N5 Grammar List With Examples

JLPT N5 grammar covers about 30 core patterns: the basic particles, the polite verb forms, adjectives, the te-form and a handful of sentence endings. Official lists vary slightly, so treat the list below as a study guide. Learn each pattern with an example sentence, not as a rule alone. If you are starting N5 grammar, this page gives you the patterns in a sensible order, each with an example you can read and say aloud. What grammar is on the JLPT N5? The JLPT does not publish an official grammar list, so every N5 list is built from past exams and textbooks. Lists differ by a few patterns, but the core is consistent: particles, polite verb forms, adjectives, the te-form and basic sentence endings. The patterns below cover that core. Examples use simple vocabulary so the grammar stays in focus. Particles Particles are small words that mark the role of the word before them. They are the heart of N5 grammar. Pattern Meaning Example English は topic marker わたしはがくせいです。 I am a student. が subject marker ねこがいます。 There is a cat. を object marker りんごをたべます。 I eat an apple. に time, destination 7じにおきます。 I get up at 7. へ direction にほんへいきます。 I go to Japan. で place of action, means としょかんでべんきょうします。 I study at the library. の possession, link わたしのほんです。 It is my book. と and, with ともだちとはなします。 I talk with a friend. も also わたしもいきます。 I will go too. から / まで from / until 9じから5じまではたらきます。 I work from 9 to 5. か question marker おちゃをのみますか。 Will you drink tea? よ / ね emphasis / seeking agreement いいてんきですね。 Nice weather, isn't it? Is, am, are, and basic sentences Pattern Meaning Example English ~です polite "to be" これはほんです。 This is a book. ~じゃありません polite negative これはほんじゃありません。 This is not a book. これ / それ / あれ this / that / that over there あれはわたしのかばんです。 That over there is my bag. この / その / あの this / that / that (before noun) あのひとはだれですか。 Who is that person? なに / だれ / どこ / いつ / いくら question words これはいくらですか。 How much is this? Polite verb forms Pattern Meaning Example English ~ます polite present まいあさコーヒーをのみます。 I drink coffee every morning. ~ません polite negative わたしはさかなをたべません。 I do not eat fish. ~ました polite past きのうにほんごをべんきょうしました。 I studied Japanese yesterday. ~ませんでした polite past negative きのうがっこうにいきませんでした。 I did not go to school yesterday. ~ましょう let's いっしょにたべましょう。 Let's eat together. ~ませんか invitation えいがをみませんか。 Won't you see a movie with me? ~たいです want to にほんへいきたいです。 I want to go to Japan. Adjectives Pattern Meaning Example English い-adjective descriptive このりょうりはおいしいです。 This dish is delicious. ~くないです negative (い-adj) おいしくないです。 It is not delicious. ~かったです past (い-adj) きのうはさむかったです。 Yesterday was cold. な-adjective descriptive ここはしずかです。 It is quiet here. ~じゃありません negative (な-adj) ここはしずかじゃありません。 It is not quiet here. Existence, comparison and other patterns Pattern Meaning Example English あります / います exists (things / living things) つくえのうえにほんがあります。 There is a book on the desk. ~より compared to とうきょうはおおさかよりおおきいです。 Tokyo is bigger than Osaka. ~のほうが prefer / more than コーヒーよりおちゃのほうがすきです。 I like tea more than coffee. いちばん the most くだものでなにがいちばんすきですか。 Which fruit do you like the most? もう / まだ already / not yet もうたべましたか。 Have you eaten already? ~が (but) contrast にほんごはおもしろいですが、むずかしいです。 Japanese is interesting, but difficult. ~から (because) reason あついですから、まどをあけます。 Since it is hot, I will open the window. The te-form and its uses The te-form is one of the biggest N5 topics, since it unlocks many patterns. Pattern Meaning Example English ~てください please do ちょっとまってください。 Please wait a moment. ~ています in progress いまごはんをたべています。 I am eating now. ~てもいいです may do ここにすわってもいいですか。 May I sit here? ~てはいけません must not ここでたばこをすってはいけません。 You must not smoke here. ~ないでください please do not ここではしゃしんをとらないでください。 Please do not take photos here. How should I study N5 grammar? Reading the table once will not stick. A few habits help: Learn one pattern at a time. Read the example, say it aloud, then write two sentences of your own. Learn the te-form early. Several N5 patterns depend on it, so spend extra time there. Review wi…

Frequently asked questions

How many grammar points are on JLPT N5?
There is no official count. Most study lists contain about 30 core patterns, with small differences between sources. The table above covers the common core.
What is the hardest grammar for N5?
Learners often find particles and the te-form hardest. Particles are small but change the meaning of the whole sentence, and the te-form has many verb groups to memorize.
Do I need to know the plain form for N5?
You mainly need the polite forms, but the plain negative form (such as たべない) appears in patterns like ~ないでください. Learn the basic plain forms along the way.
Is Genki 1 enough for N5 grammar?
For grammar, Genki 1 covers most N5 patterns, though a pattern or two may sit in Genki 2. Learners report gaps more in vocabulary and listening than in grammar.
What should I do after learning the grammar?
Practice with exam-style questions. Grammar questions are multiple choice, so timed practice shows which patterns you recognize quickly and which you still hesitate on.

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